Hepatitis B Core Antibody IgG, IgM, Differentiation

Hepatitis B Core Antibody IgG, IgM, Differentiation

Wellness Testing

The Hepatitis B Core Antibody (anti-HBc) test measures the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies to the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which are key indicators of infection status. This test helps differentiate between acute and chronic Hepatitis B infections and assesses immune response.

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  • Types of Antibodies Measured:

    • IgM Anti-HBc:
      • Appears within weeks of infection.
      • Detectable for approximately six months.
      • Indicates recent or acute infection.
    • IgG Anti-HBc:
      • Develops shortly after IgM.
      • Can remain detectable indefinitely.
      • Indicates chronic or resolved infection.
    • Total Anti-HBc:
      • Detects both IgM and IgG antibodies, providing a comprehensive view of HBV infection status.

  • Interpreting Results:

    • Presence of both IgM and IgG antibodies suggests an acute infection.
    • Presence of only IgG antibodies indicates either chronic infection or recovery from a past infection.
    • Individuals vaccinated against Hepatitis B will not have anti-HBc antibodies.

  • Clinical Significance:

    • Hepatitis B is a serious viral infection that can lead to liver inflammation, chronic liver disease, and severe complications, including liver failure or cancer.
    • Symptoms may include loss of appetite, fever, fatigue, and generalized aching, although some individuals remain asymptomatic.

This test is essential for understanding an individual's HBV infection status and guiding appropriate medical management. 

Why would I need the Hepatitis B Core Antibody IgG, IgM, Differentiation Test?
This test is recommended for several reasons: To diagnose hepatitis B: It helps determine if a person has a recent (acute), chronic, or past infection that is now resolved. Monitor the stage of infection: Differentiating between IgM and IgG antibodies can show if the infection is still active or if the person has developed long-term immunity after a past infection. Identify carriers: It helps identify people with chronic hepatitis B who may be asymptomatic virus carriers. Assess infection risk: In cases where hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and other tests are inconclusive, the core antibody test can provide additional insights into the infection's status.
What do the results of the Hepatitis B Core Antibody IgG, IgM, Differentiation Test indicate?
The results are reported based on the presence or absence of IgM and IgG antibodies: IgM anti-HBc Positive: Indicates a recent or acute hepatitis B infection. IgM antibodies typically appear shortly after exposure to the virus and suggest the infection is in its early or active stages. IgG anti-HBc Positive (with IgM negative): Indicates a past infection or chronic hepatitis B. IgG antibodies remain in the blood for life after an infection, even if the person has recovered. A positive IgG result alone may indicate either recovery from past or chronic disease. IgM and IgG Negative: Suggests no current or past hepatitis B infection. If there are concerns about recent exposure, other tests (e.g., hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg) may be recommended to confirm the status.
What is the difference between the Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Quantitative Test and Hepatitis B Core Antibody IgG, IgM, Differentiation Test?
The Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Quantitative Test is used primarily for immunity assessment. In contrast, the Hepatitis B Core Antibody IgG, IgM, and Differentiation Test are used to diagnose and understand the stage of a hepatitis B infection.